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AT LONDON BRIDGE TUBE STATION |
On
Monday my daughter Chaitali who is a Senior Manager with the Greater
London Authority told me that she was volunteering to sell poppies at
the London Bridge tube station for one hour to raise funds for the
Royal British Legion. I went to meet her there and buy a Poppy. She
was holding a sealed bucket for the collection which the
volunteers are not allowed to shake, nor ask anyone to donate, and
the other volunteer held a tray full of Poppies and wrist bands. A
volunteer just stands and those who wish to, come and donate money
and take either a Poppy for their lapel or a band for their wrist.
Almost everyone in public places wears the Poppy flower. It speaks
volumes for the involvement of the general public in remembering
their soldiers. I became curious and wanted to know more about
this event.
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FLANDERS FIELD GRAVES |
I
went back in History, exactly one hundred years back in time. What
I had learnt in College about the First World War was then just a
History lesson, but what I read now became a story of power, people,
tragedy, sorrow and loss of lives.
2014
is the centenary of the beginning of the First World War. The
War began on the 28th of July 1914 and ended on the 11th of November
1918. All the great economic powers of the World got involved in
this War. There were two major groupings, the Allies to begin
with were UK, France and the Russian Empire, and on the other side
were the Central powers of Germany and Austria- Hungary. As more
nations entered the War the Allies were joined by Italy, Japan and
the USA. The Central Powers were joined by the Ottoman empire and
Bulgaria.The immediate trigger for war was the 28th June
1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir
to the throne of Austria- Hungary by a Yugoslavian, Gavrilo Princip
in Sarajevo.
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INFANTRY |
At the time of the War, India was a part of the British Empire
and the British expected that the Indians would take this
opportunity to revolt, but on the contrary the Indians supported the
British and offered loyalty and goodwill to their rulers. The
Indian National Congress and other political groups seeking
India's freedom, supported the British War effort as they expected
that their cause for "Home Rule" would be granted by the
British as a reward for their loyalty. Surprisingly the Indian Army
outnumbered the British Army at the beginning of the war. Indian
solders were sent to Europe, and the Middle East. My own maternal
grandfather, G. T. Meshram had gone to Mesopotamia and Asia Minor in
the Middle East in 1914. We still possess a photograph of his in full
uniform.
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FLANDERS 1914 |
More
than 70 million military personnel including 60 million
Europeans, were mobilised and more than 9 million combatants and
7 million civilians died as a result of this war.
About 1.3 million Indian soldiers and labourers served in
Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. The Central government of India
and the Princely States sent large supplies of food, money, and
ammunition. Casualties of Indian soldiers totalled 47,746 killed and
65,126 wounded during World War I.The suffering as well as the
failure of the British government to grant self-government to India
after the end of the War, disillusioned the Indian leaders and the
movement for Independence took a stronger turn.
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ARMISTICE DAY AT TRAFALGAR SQUARE |
On
11th November 1918, Germany signed an Armistice with the Allies
and the War ended at 1100 hours on the 11th day of November 1918.
The Versailles Treaty was signed in 1919, which was when many of
the troops serving abroad finally returned to their home
countries. The Paris Peace Conference in 1919 was the
meeting of the Allied Victors, involving Diplomats from more than 32
countries, to set the peace terms for the defeated Central
Powers following the armistice of 1918. The major decisions led
to the creation of the League of Nations on 28.06.1919 and
five peace treaties with defeated enemies, including the Treaty of
Versailles with Germany, the awarding of German and Ottoman
overseas possessions as mandates to Britain and France,
reparations imposed on Germany, and the drawing of new national
boundaries were signed.
The
Big Four powers in this War were the The President of USA Woodrow
Wilson, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, Lloyd George, the Prime
Minister of France, Georges Clemenceau, and the Prime Minister of
Italy, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando. They met together informally 145
times and made all the major decisions, which in turn were ratified
by the others.
The
battle front line ran from the Belgium Coast across West and East
Flanders into the North of France. This battle front was called "The
Western Front". On 3 May 1915, during the Second battle of
Ypres, Lieutenant Alexis Helmer was killed on the Western Front. At
his graveside, his friend John McCrae M.D., of Ontario,
Canada, wrote a memorable poem "In Flanders Field" as
a salute to those who perished in the Great War. This poem was
published in Punch on 8 December 1915, and is recited on Remembrance Day every year.
In recent years Armistice Day has
become increasingly recognised, and many people now attend the 11am
ceremony at the Cenotaph in London - an event organised by The
Western Front Association, a British charity dedicated to
perpetuating the memory of those who served in the First World War.
Armistice day is commemorated every year on 11 November to
mark the armistice signed between the Allies and Germany at
Compiegne France, for the cessation of hostilities on the Western
Front.
After
the First World War ended, The Royal British Legion created the "Poppy Appeal" to help those returning from the First World War, but
now it covers all the people who have served in any War. The
Poppy is considered a powerful symbol and is worn to
commemorate the sacrifices of the Armed Forces and to show support to
those still serving today and their loved ones. They say when
you donate to the "Poppy Appeal" you help:
(1)
bereaved families to Live On
(2)
wounded Service men and women to Live On
(3)
younger veterans seeking employment and housing to Live On
(4)
older veterans needing age-related care to Live On
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POPPIES AT TOWER OF LONDON |
It
is now a tradition to wear a Poppy flower on your lapel in November
to honor and remember the people who died in the Wars. Every
presenter on TV sports the flower. Every where that I have travelled
in London, I have seen people selling the Poppy and donating for this
Charity. Almost everyone in public places and public life wears the
Poppy flower. It speaks volumes for the involvement of the general
public in remembering their soldiers.
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CERAMIC POPPIES |
This
year being the Centenary year of World War One, 888,246 Poppy flowers
made of ceramic have been planted around the Tower of London to represent every British soldier
who lost his life in the First World War. This display has been called "Blood
Swept Land and Seas of Red". The memorial is very beautiful,
stunning, touching and moving and speaks of the transient nature of
life and the frailty of lives lost in the War. Although
the place is thronging with visitors wanting to see the beautiful
sight, the Poppies will be removed on the 12th day of November
2014 and each flower will be sold to those who wish to keep them, at
a price of 25 Pounds each, which will raise 11.2 million pounds for
six service charities.
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EVERY ONE SPORTS A POPPY |
Every
year the Remembrance Day Ceremony is held at The City Hall London and
every time that I have attended the ceremony I have been very
impressed with the solemnity of the ceremony. There is a small
service by the Religious Leaders of all major faiths, Christian,
Hindu, Buddhist, Moslem, Jew, after which the Mayor reads out the
poem "In Flanders Field", then psalms are sung and
then the Last Post is sounded. This ceremony is very touching,
dignified, and graceful. Present in the City Hall are veterans of various Wars who are quite old. I also saw a group of soldiers who had
returned from Afghanistan. When I say Soldiers, I speak of all
ranks belonging to the Forces.
The
way the whole nation displays their appreciation for the Armed
Forces, remembering the fallen soldiers, taking care of their
families and also taking care of those soldiers who need help, is
really very commendable. The respect, reverence and gratitude which
one can see is worth emulating.
I quote below "In Flanders Field"
In
Flanders fields the poppies blow,
Between the crosses, row on
row,
That mark our place; and in the sky,
The larks, still bravely
singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the
Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved
and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.
Take up our
quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The
torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who
die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.